Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

Article author
Sasha Lopez
  • Updated

1. Federal Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA)

FMLA is a federal law that provides up to 12 weeks of unpaid, job-protected leave per year for certain family and medical reasons, including childbirth and bonding with a new child.

FMLA leave can be used for:

  • Childbirth and recovery following pregnancy

  • Bonding with a new child, including after birth, adoption, or foster placement

  • Caring for a spouse, child, or parent with a serious health condition

  • An employee’s own serious health condition that makes them unable to perform their job

  • Certain military family reasons, such as caregiving or deployment-related needs

While on approved FMLA leave:

  • Your job is protected
  • Your group health insurance continues under the same terms as if you were working

FMLA is unpaid, but it often runs at the same time as:

FMLA Eligibility

  • You have worked for the employer for at least 12 months (not necessarily in a row)
  • You worked 1,250 hours in the past 12 months

If you do not qualify for FMLA, you may still be eligible for:

Health Insurance During FMLA

During approved FMLA leave:

  • Medical, dental, and vision coverage continues
  • You remain responsible for employee premium contributions
  • Optional benefits (such as life insurance) may require continued payment

Missing required contributions can result in coverage interruptions.

2. Is FMLA paid?

No. FMLA itself is always unpaid.

Income during leave may come from:

  • State Paid Family & Medical Leave programs (if your state has one)
  • Short-Term Disability (for birthing parents)
  • Employer-provided paid or partially paid leave
  • Accrued PTO.

Understanding FMLA & Maternity/Parental Leave in the U.S. (2026)

This guide explains how maternity and parental leave works in the U.S. in 2026. It covers:

There is no single national maternity leave program in the U.S. Most employees use a combination of the options below.

3. Short-Term Disability (STD)

What STD Covers

Short-term disability provides income replacement when leave is taken for a medical condition, including pregnancy and childbirth.

What’s disability insurance? It protects your ability to earn a living. If you get too sick or injured to work, it replaces a portion of your income so you can pay your bills. 

Disability is more common than you may think: about 5% of working Americans experience a short-term disability each year, and most don’t originate at work, so they aren’t covered by workers' compensation.

Typical STD rules:

  • Requires medical certification
  • Usually runs at the same time as FMLA

STD is only available to birthing employees because it is tied to medical recovery.

How to apply: 

Submit a claim

Questions? Contact Guardian: 1-888-482-7342

Pregnancy Complications

If there are pregnancy-related medical complications:

  • Additional time off may be covered by STD
  • Duration depends on medical documentation and, in some cases, state law

4. How Maternity & Parental Leave Typically Fits Together

In the U.S., maternity and parental leave is usually a layered structure, not a single benefit:

  • FMLA → job protection (unpaid)
  • STD → income during medical recovery after birth
  • State paid leave → income replacement in certain states
  • Employer policies/PTO → may supplement unpaid time

The exact mix depends on:

  • Whether the employee is a birthing or non-birthing parent
  • State of employment
  • Eligibility for FMLA and STD
  • Employer-provided benefits

5. How Pay Works During Maternity Leave

Pay depends on your state, employer policy, and benefit eligibility.

Scenario How Pay Works
Unpaid leave No wages processed; apply for STD and/or state benefits
Partial pay or top-up Employer pays part of salary; may appear as “Supplemental”
Fully paid leave Employer pays full salary; STD and state benefits usually not used

Employers must share their leave policy details to ensure correct payroll processing.

6. When to Request Leave

Maternity or parental leave should be requested in the Remote platform at least two months before the planned start date.

7. States With Paid Family & Medical Leave (2026)

In the states below, government-funded programs provide wage replacement and typically run concurrently with FMLA.

State 2026 Law 2026 Max Weekly Benefit Max Duration Application Link
California PFL $1,765.00 8 weeks Apply Here
Colorado FAMLI $1,381.45 12-16 weeks Apply Here
Connecticut CTPL $1,016.40 12-14 weeks Apply Here
Delaware PFML $900.00 12 weeks Apply Here
Maine PFML $1,198.84* 12 weeks Apply Here
Massachusetts PFML $1,230.39 12-26 weeks Apply Here
Minnesota PFML $1,423.00 12-20 weeks Apply Here
New Jersey FLI $1,119.00 12 weeks Apply Here
New York PFL $1,228.53 12 weeks Apply Here
Oregon Paid Leave OR $1,636.56 12-14 weeks Apply Here
Rhode Island TCI $1,103.00 4-6 weeks Apply Here
Washington PFML $1,647.00 12-18 weeks Apply Here
Wash., D.C. PFL $1,153.00 12 weeks Apply Here

Maine benefits begin May 1, 2026. Maryland FAMLI launches July 2026.

Weekly benefit caps are tied to the state average weekly wage and may change annually.

8. States With No State-Paid Family Leave

In these states, there is no government-run paid family leave program. 

Leave relies on unpaid FMLA, short-term disability, PTO, or employer policies.

Region States
South Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, West Virginia
Midwest Iowa, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, North Dakota, Nebraska, Ohio, South Dakota, Wisconsin
West Alaska, Arizona, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming
Northeast New Hampshire, Pennsylvania, Vermont
Special rule Hawaii – up to 4 weeks of unpaid family leave for eligible employers

9. How Pay Works in No-Benefit States

Birthing Employees

  1. Apply for Short-Term Disability (estimated 6–8 weeks at approximately 60–70% pay)
  2. Apply for FMLA for up to 12 weeks of job-protected leave
  3. The remaining weeks are unpaid unless PTO is used

Non-Birthing Parents

  1. FMLA bonding leave for up to 12 weeks unpaid leave
  2. STD does not apply
  3. Pay depends on PTO or employer-provided parental leave, if available.

How Leave Is Recorded in Remote

  1. Log into your Remote dashboard
  2. Navigate to Time-off
  3. Select Request Time Off.
  4. Choose the appropriate leave type
  5. Enter dates and details
  6. Upload supporting documentation
  7. Submit the request

Partial-day requests are allowed where applicable.

How to request time off on your mobile app

View and request time off

How to Cancel Time Off Requests on the mobile App

Family leave requests (maternity, paternity, and parental leave when requested in the platform) are unpaid by default. 

Employees must apply for paid family leave directly through their state if it is available. 

In unpaid family leave states, birthing employees may apply for short-term disability (STD), while non-birthing employees should follow state-specific PFML procedures.

11. Support and Questions

External employees can contact Remote’s Benefits team through live messaging for assistance with FMLA, STD, or state leave benefits. Internal Remote employees should contact their People Partner or email people-partners@remote.com.


Disclaimer: Please be advised that the information provided is for general guidance only and should not be considered legal advice. Clients are strongly encouraged to contact the Lifecycle - Time & Attendance team for expert guidance and assistance in navigating the intricate landscape of time off requirements in the United States. Consulting with our team is imperative to ensure compliance with local employment standards legislation and clearly understand the stipulated time off and attendance related requirements. Your proactive engagement with the Time & Attendance team is vital to making informed decisions and adhering to all relevant regulations.

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